Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Long Long

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### 6.10 Double-Word Integers

ISO C99 and ISO C++11 support data types for integers that are at least 64 bits wide, and as an extension GCC supports them in C90 and C++98 modes. Simply write `long long int` for a signed integer, or `unsigned long long int` for an unsigned integer. To make an integer constant of type `long long int`, add the suffix ‘`LL`’ to the integer. To make an integer constant of type `unsigned long long int`, add the suffix ‘`ULL`’ to the integer.

You can use these types in arithmetic like any other integer types. Addition, subtraction, and bitwise boolean operations on these types are open-coded on all types of machines. Multiplication is open-coded if the machine supports a fullword-to-doubleword widening multiply instruction. Division and shifts are open-coded only on machines that provide special support. The operations that are not open-coded use special library routines that come with GCC.

There may be pitfalls when you use `long long` types for function arguments without function prototypes. If a function expects type `int` for its argument, and you pass a value of type `long long int`, confusion results because the caller and the subroutine disagree about the number of bytes for the argument. Likewise, if the function expects `long long int` and you pass `int`. The best way to avoid such problems is to use prototypes.